Adding citric and ascorbic acids in diets for nursery piglets does not alter performance regardless of the meta-analysis method used. Citric acid supplementation to the respective control treatment of the overall nursery period was on average 1.67%, 4.40%, and -2.29% for ADFI, ADG, and FCR. The effect of ascorbic supplementation on the respective control treatment of the overall nursery period was on average 0.98%, 1.07%, and -1.3% for ADFI, ADG, and FCR, respectively. Numerically, was observed an increased ADG (Δ > 0) related to acids (supplemented over control treatments) in 59.7% (ascorbic acid) and 46.6% (citric acid) of the ADG comparisons. (2008), there was no significant effect (P > 0.05) of the addition of citric and ascorbic acids on piglet performance. In the meta-analysis approach proposed by LOVATTO et al. In variances and forest plot analysis, using citric and ascorbic acids and their analogs was no significant effect (P > 0.05) on piglet weight gain. The Higgins index indicated high heterogeneity (98.5%) among the studies concerning citric acid (96.9%) and ascorbic acid (91.4%). The study included 24 publications between 19 (mode 1998), totaling 4215 nursery piglets.
This study evaluated different meta-analytical approaches tousing citric and ascorbic acids in the performance of nursery piglets. More important, to our knowledge this is the first description of a method for producing a statistically adequate but graphically appealing forest plot summarizing descriptive data, using widely available software. It is possible to conduct a meta-analysis using only Microsoft Excel. We have also developed a second spreadsheet capable of producing customized forest plots. We constructed a step-by-step guide to perform a meta-analysis in a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet, using either fixed-effect or random-effects models. Analyses can be conducted using Microsoft Excel, but there was no previous guide available. Most available softwares have limitations in dealing with descriptive data, and the graphical display of summary statistics such as incidence and prevalence is unsatisfactory.
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Commercial specialist software is available, but may be expensive and focused in a particular type of primary data. General purpose statistical packages can meta-analyze data, but usually require external macros or coding. Move to the previous or next record while viewing an expanded record.Meta-analyses are necessary to synthesize data obtained from primary research, and in many situations reviews of observational studies are the only available alternative. Scroll kanban board to the left or right edge.Ĭreates a new record when going through the 'create record flow.' Scroll kanban board to the left or right by one stack. Manually move records up and down in order. (Pressing Enter again will begin the upload process) Insert a record at the end of an unsorted/ungrouped grid view.Īfter clicking on a record in an attachment field this will open the attachment upload window and paste whatever is on your clipboard. You can also click while holding Shift to select cells. If a view is grouped, ↑ and ↓ will jump to the top and bottom records in the currently selected group. Select non-adjacent fields to perform bulk field operations. Select adjacent fields to perform bulk field operations. Paste a cell (if you select a range of cells, you can paste the same value into multiple cells at once).Įxpand the active record (use Esc to return to table).Įxpand the active cell (you can then use arrow keys to move to different cells). Move back (Shift Tab) and forth (Tab) between similar elements. Sets the selected date/datetime field to now. Press Enter to re-apply the most recent sort. Press Enter to collapse or expand all groups. Opens the grouped records menu in the current view. Opens the filter menu in the current view. Opens the view switcher in the current base. Opens the quick base switcher if on the home screen or inside a base. Opens the table switcher in the current base.
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